Biology from Indian School Darsait

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Molecul ar Basis of Inheritance


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A

Adenine

:
One of the four bases in DNA that make up the letters ATGC, adenine is the “A”. The others are guanine, cytosine, and thymine. Adenine always pairs with thymine.

Allele

:
One of the variant forms of a gene at a particular locus, or location, on a chromosome. Different alleles produce variation in inherited characteristics such as hair colour or blood type. In an individual, one form of the allele (the dominant one) may be expressed more than another form (the recessive one).

Aminoacyl-tRNA

:
Transfer RNA ( tRNA) molecule with its cognate amino acid attached.

anticoding strand

:
The DNA strand that forms the template for both the transcribed mRNA and the coding DNA strand.

Autosome

:
Any chromosome other than a sex chromosome. Humans have 22 pairs of autosomes.

B

BAC

:

Large segments of DNA, 100,000 to 200,000 bases, from another species cloned into bacteria. Once the foreign DNA has been cloned into the host bacteria, many copies of it can be made.

Or

DNA constructs that are composed of, at least, a replication origin, for successful replication, propagation to and maintenance as an extra chromosome in bacteria. In addition, they can carry large amounts (about 200 kilobases) of other sequence for a variety of bioengineering purposes.

Bacteriophage

:
Viruses whose hosts are bacterial cells.

Base pair

:
Two bases which form a “rung of the DNA ladder.” A DNA nucleotide is made of a molecule of sugar, a molecule of phosphoric acid, and a molecule called a base. The bases are the “letters” that spell out the genetic code. In DNA, the code letters are A, T, G, and C, which stand for the chemicals adenine, thymine, guanine, and cytosine, respectively. In base pairing, adenine always pairs with thymine, and guanine always pairs with cytosine.

Base Sequence

:
The order of nucleotide bases(purines and pyrimidines ) in a DNA molecule.

C

capping

:
A methylated guanine residue added in reverse polarity to the 5' end of eukaryotic mRNA during transcription initiation. The cap binds a cap binding protein and acts as an initial binding site for ribosomes during translation.

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